High-Fidelity Open-Source Synchrophasor Dataset Generation Using a Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed for Power Grid Analytics

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) provides high fidelity, time synchronized voltage and current measurements, enabling enhanced State Estimation (SE), situational awareness and real time control. These measurements improve system monitoring, and decision making during both steady state and dynamic operating conditions. However, the effective development and validation of SE techniques face significant challenges due to the lack of datasets that capture spatial-temporal relationships in a highly dynamic grid with fast changing events. Access to real world PMU data is limited because of privacy, security, and confidentiality constraints, while offline simulated data often fails to reproduce the full complexity of real time behavior, including communication delays and event driven variations. This shortage of realistic, high quality, and labeled datasets restricts the benchmarking and validation of advanced SE tools and event detection tools. To address these limitations, we utilize a real time Hardware in the Loop (HIL) testbed that integrates the IEEE 39 bus system with 26 optimally placed hardware and software PMUs, Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), Real Time Automation and Controller (RTAC), and communication network emulation to generate high fidelity, event rich datasets. The generated data covers a wide range of realistic scenarios, including generator trips and reconnections, load variations and shedding, line outages, and fault events, all designed to reflect actual system behavior. The resulting datasets support a complete data processing and analytics pipeline tailored for SE and can also be used in other applications such as anomaly and event detection. For SE, the data is pre-processed for topology consistency, time alignment, and windowed segmentation to enable robust validation and performance benchmarking of estimation algorithms. We also validate and make the dataset publicly available for further power grid analytics.

 

 

KEYWORDS: Anomaly Detection, Phasor Measurement Units, Synchrophasor, Data Generation, Cyber-power Testbed, State Estimation